Fig. 17

17.1 A. Semi-dwarf and dwarf mutants are often easy to identify at the early seedling state as “small and cute” seedlings. The near-isogenic lines BW078 (brh1.t, front left) and BW077 (brh1.e, front right) compared to more normal seedlings in the back exemplified by BW125 (cer-w.48, back left) and BW126 (cer-x.60, back right). B. Mutant sdw1.d (Semidwarf 1, left) can be distinguished from a normal plant also later in the vegetative phase. Most short-culm phenotypes typically appear after transition to the reproductive growth phase. 17.2 A. Mutant uzu1.a (left) compared to cultivar Bowman. The short-awned spike is more compact at the basis. B. A row of uzu1.a. Opposite spikelets in the tip of the spike can form a crown-like structure and is caused by irregular elongation of the top rachis internodes. 17.3 A. Mutant sdw1.d (Semidwarf 1) is a common allele in short culm barley cultivars due to relatively few pleiotropic effects. The mutation in the near-isogenic line BW828 to the left compared to Bowman. B and C. Mutant sdw2.b has a slightly stronger phenotype. BW829 (sdw2.b) left, Bowman right