Fig. 1

Upregulated genes in GSCs were related to ATR pathway activation. A Differential gene expression analysis was performed between GSCs and NSCs based on GSE119776 dataset. Differentially expressed genes were filtered with |log2 fold change|≥ 1.0 and P-value < 0.05. B The top ten GO terms of upregulated genes in GSCs. A P-value < 0.05 indicates significant enrichment. C Heatmap of the 27 upregulated genes clustered in the “activation of ATR in response to replication stress” term. (D/E) qRT-PCR analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of DBF4, HUS1, NDE1, POLA1 and MCM8 in hNSCs, GSC-A172 and GSC-U138MG cells. **P-value < 0.01 by Student’s t-test, vs. hNSCs