Fig. 3
Differences in immune scores and immune cell infiltration between different subgroups. The effect of m6A methylation-related prognostic lncRNAs on the tumor immune microenvironment in patients with COAD was evaluated by assessing the immunization scores, stromal scores, and immune cell infiltration levels of these lncRNAs with high, low, and medium expression in clusters A, B, and C, respectively (Fig. 3a–c). a Immunoscore and b stromal score of clusters A–C. c Infiltration levels of 23 immune cell types in cluster subgroups. d Clusters A–C distinguished by different signatures. e–g GSVA enrichment showing the activation status of biological pathways under different m6A modification patterns, e cluster A vs cluster B, f cluster A vs cluster C, and g cluster B vs cluster C. Heat maps showing these biological processes, with red and blue representing activated and inhibited pathways, respectively. COAD cohort was used for sample annotation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. COAD, colon adenocarcinoma; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; m6A: N6-methyladenosine.The results revealed that cluster A was significantly enriched in immune activation-associated pathways, including complement response, inflammatory response, allogeneic transplant rejection and cancer suppressor pathways. Cluster C was similar to A. In contrast, cluster B exhibited inhibition of immune pathways and downregulation of pathways associated with cancer inhibition