Fig. 3

The mutant plasmid increased ROS production in HEK293T cells, but did not affect protein expression and localization. a The protein localization of mutant HARS2 is similar to that of wild HARS2, both of which are located in mitochondria. b With GAPDH as internal control, there was no significant difference in the expression levels of wild-type and mutant proteins. c Representative flow cytometry peaks of HEK293T cells were transiently transfected with empty vector, wild-type HARS2 and mutant HARS2 (p.Asp117Asn or (p.Leu303Pro) plasmid for 48 h, followed by flow cytometry analysis to detect intracellular ROS production. d The relative ratio of intensity was calculated. The average of three independent determinations for each treatment is shown