Fig. 2

Identification and characterization of IAV infection. a A549 or 293 T cells were infected with A/QH viruses at an MOI of 0.01 for 8 h. Total RNA was extracted and used for RNA-seq analysis. The expression values shown in shades of yellow and green indicate gene level above and below the median expression value across all the samples (log scale 2, from − 2 to + 2), respectively. b The 20 highest fold-changes of the RPKM value of gene expression in A549-QH and 293 T-QH was sorted (log scale 2, from A549-QH to 293 T-QH). c qRT-PCR analysis of the expression of selected genes in A/QH virus-infected A549 or 293 T cells relative to uninfected controls. The fold-difference was measured by the 2^-△△Ct method; RNA levels were normalized to corresponding β-actin. Error bars represent standard deviation. d Venn diagram showing the distribution of shared differentially expressed genes in 293 T and A549 cells infected with A/QH virus